He attempted to measure their velocity by the Doppler shift of spectral lines in the glow emitted by Crookes tubes. He found that cathode rays were emitted perpendicularly from a metal surface, and carried energy. He discovered several important properties of cathode rays, which contributed to their later identification as the first subatomic particle, the electron. In the 1870s, Goldstein undertook his own investigations of discharge tubes and named the light emissions studied by others Kathodenstrahlen, or cathode rays. These rays produced a fluorescence when they hit a tube's glass walls, and when interrupted by a solid object they cast a shadow. Later, in 1869, Johann Wilhelm Hittorf studied discharge tubes with energy rays extending from a negative electrode, the cathode. In the mid-nineteenth century, Julius Plücker investigated the light emitted in discharge tubes ( Crookes tubes) and the influence of magnetic fields on the glow. He died in 1930 and was buried in the Weißensee Cemetery in Berlin. Goldstein worked at the Berlin Observatory from 1878 to 1890 but spent most of his career at the Potsdam Observatory, where he became head of the astrophysical section in 1927. He studied at Breslau and later, under Helmholtz, in Berlin. Goldstein was born in 1850 at Gleiwitz Upper Silesia, now known as Gliwice, Poland, to a Jewish family. He was the great uncle of the violinists Mikhail Goldstein and Boris Goldstein.
He was an early investigator of discharge tubes, the discoverer of anode rays or canal rays, later identified as positive ions in the gas phase including the hydrogen ion.
#When was the cathode ray experiment done free
Berlin, Free State of Prussia, Weimar RepublicĮugen Goldstein ( / ˈ ɔɪ ɡ ən/ 5 September 1850 – 25 December 1930) was a German physicist.
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